Under Review: The FTC's Focus on the Fakes

You are thinking about buying a new laptop, or you want to try a new restaurant that’s been open a few months, so what do you do first? You check the online reviews, of course. Most consumers rely heavily on online reviews to make purchases and try new services, but how can you be sure the reviews you see are actually written by a real customer? And wouldn’t you want to know if the customer was paid or given free product in exchange for that review? The proliferation of online shopping platforms and social media have increased opportunities for consumers to find information about potential products they want to buy. However, it also makes it easier for companies to manipulate reviews or endorsements to make their products look better or their competitors look worse. Luckily, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is currently prioritizing this issue, through regulatory channels, enforcement actions, and litigation. 

For background, when an advertiser uses an endorsement or review in connection with its products or services, there are guidelines to follow set forth by the FTC (the Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising). The FTC Endorsement Guides emphasize the basic principle of truth in advertising: that endorsements must be honest and not misleading. The Guides further state that the endorsement must reflect the true opinion of the reviewer, who must actually have experience with the product or service, and that a material connection between the reviewer and the company needs to be disclosed, if that fact would matter to the purchaser. While the Guides are not regulations, and have no civil penalties for a violation, the FTC can investigate whether the practices are deceptive or unfair under the FTC Act if an advertiser does not follow the Guides.